The core working principle of a reducer is to reduce the input speed and proportionally increase the output torque through meshing transmission mechanisms such as gears and worms. Essentially, it uses the transmission ratio to achieve speed torque conversion of power.

Core work logic

Power input: The high-speed rotational power of the motor or other prime mover is transmitted to the driving wheels (such as small gears and worm gears) of the reducer.

Mesh transmission: The driving wheel and the driven wheel (such as large gears and worm gears) transmit power through tooth surface meshing, forming a transmission ratio due to the different number of teeth on the two wheels.

Speed and torque conversion: Transmission ratio=number of driven wheel teeth/number of driving wheel teeth, speed is inversely proportional to transmission ratio (the larger the transmission ratio, the lower the output speed), torque is directly proportional to transmission ratio (as the speed decreases, the torque synchronously increases).

Power output: The power after deceleration and torque increase is transmitted to the working machinery (such as conveyors and robot joints) through the output shaft.

Principle of key transmission mechanism

Gear transmission (cylindrical gears, bevel gears): By meshing gears on parallel or staggered axes, the structure is simple and efficient, suitable for medium to high speed and medium to heavy load scenarios.

Worm gear transmission: The worm gear meshes with the worm wheel, with a large transmission ratio (up to 10-100 per stage) and smooth operation, suitable for low-speed, high torque, and self-locking scenarios (such as elevator traction machines).

Planetary gear transmission: The sun gear, planetary gear, and inner ring gear are combined for transmission, with a wide range of transmission ratios, small size, and strong load-bearing capacity. It is commonly used in precision equipment (such as robots) and heavy-duty machinery.